Colorectal cancer is cancer affecting the large intestine and rectum. There has been a rapid increase in colorectal cancer in India, and this can be attributed to two factors:
- Increasing life expectancy
- Following the western lifestyle
Most cases occur above the age of 50. It is true that if detected early, then colorectal cancer can be cured.
How does colorectal cancer develop?
Contrary to belief, it takes years to develop colorectal cancer. It develops from the inner lining of the bowel (mucosa). Initially, it forms a polyp, which over time turns into cancer. The tumour then starts to invade through different layers of the bowel wall and into the lymph nodes near it. If undetected, it can eventually spread to different parts of the body.
Can polyp be treated?
Yes. Most polyps do not contain cancer cells. Removal of polyp will be sufficient to prevent the cancer from developing.
In some cases, even after removing the polyp, cancer cells may be found. If the cancer cells have spread to the colon, then further surgery is advised if necessary.
What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?
- Increases with age
- Western lifestyle
- Genetic factor (first-degree relative having colorectal cancer)
- Long-term inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s or Ulcerative colitis)
What reduces colorectal cancer?
- Hormonal replacement therapy for women
- Vegetarian diet
What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Initially, there might be no symptoms or very few symptoms. The symptoms would increase when the cancer grows in size. The symptoms include:
- Change in bowel habit either to constipation or to passing too many times
- Sensation of incomplete emptying after passing motion
- Blood mixed with the stool
- Passing mucus with stool
- A sensation of fullness after eating little
- Abdominal distension
- Abdominal pain
- Weight loss
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